Journal of Law and Emerging Technologies

Legal Aspects of Generative AI (Chat GPT as a Model)

2025-02-05T05:32:40-06:00

Abstract

The launch of the Chat GPT application in November 2022 created a significant global buzz, quickly establishing itself as one of the latest generative AI applications. It demonstrated remarkable abilities to mimic human outputs and comes with a range of features, contributing effectively across various fields such as education, healthcare, judiciary, and law firms.

Despite the diverse benefits associated with this application, it has raised numerous legal concerns and ethical issues. The capabilities it offers may sometimes encourage users to lie or cheat, leading to ethical questions regarding integrity. Additionally, there are worries about user privacy and data security, as personal data could be used in unauthorized ways. Intellectual property rights are also questioned, given that the application might produce content that infringes on third-party works without permission. Its use also presents issues like bias, plagiarism, the emergence of works lacking originality and creativity, and inaccurate citations. All these concerns have significant implications, and this study aims to explore some aspects of these issues to understand their legal dimensions, while proposing practical solutions to help policymakers, decision-makers, and professionals in AI and advanced technology navigate these challenges.

We will conclude this study with a statement on generative AI and its tool, "Chat GPT," emphasizing an important fact: the only thing AI cannot do is create ideas, as they are always a product of human ingenuity. The ability to innovate and generate ideas resides solely with humans; after all, humans are the true creators of all technology. How can AI and its techniques outpace human creativity in performance yet not in innovation?

Keywords: Generative AI – Chat GPT – Copyright – Academic Integrity (Plagiarism) – Personal Data Sharing – Bias Issues – Responsible Use.

Legal challenges of Autonomous Vehicle

2025-02-05T05:32:49-06:00

There is no doubt that technological development has become the guiding force of globalization mechanisms, which directly affected the lives of humanity materially and morally in their daily lives in various fields. Therefore, the United Arab Emirates has shown great interest in tracking everything new in this regard until it has become greatly interested in the digital world among other countries.

In October 2017, the UAE amazed the countries of the world by launching its artificial intelligence strategy, which prompted these countries to follow closely, given that this strategy is considered the first of its kind in the region and the world, through which the government seeks to achieve many distinct goals, including relying on artificial intelligence in services at a rate of 100% by 2031, Through this paper we try to study the legal liability of the driver, owner, and user of self-driving car as one of the most challenges facing self-driving vehicles at its final level, which is characterized by the absence of human intervention. By using analytical and descriptive methodologies to address the regulatory and legal challenges resulting from the use of artificial intelligence in transportation.

Criminal Response to the Illegal Use of the Blind Decorating Technique

2023-11-14T12:32:40-06:00

There is no doubt that artificial intelligence crimes as new crimes are developing rapidly, so the criminal law must keep pace with this development in these crimes, and address the shortcomings in its texts to confront them, in order to preserve the legitimate rights that suffer great damage as a result of these crimes, and then new legal systems must be approved, but it must be careful that these systems are not useful, as these useless laws weaken the necessary laws.

In the face of this tremendous technological development and the large amount of information and called BIG DATA, a technique called deepfakes appeared and was used for several purposes, for example: defamation and revenge, and the great catastrophe that these technologies have become available and facilitators greatly and do not need to be activated or dealt with to any material return or cost to use them and all you need is some simple knowledge of technology as well as it is of an international nature, and with great accuracy, so we find the world Franklin Foer (Franklin Foer) In early 2018, he says, "We will soon live in a world where our eyes deceive us," a testament to the accuracy of the technology.

Digital Evidence before the International Criminal Court

2025-02-05T05:33:08-06:00

The increasing use of technology in all fields, particularly in the field of criminal justice, has led to an increase in the rate of reliance of both national and international criminal investigations on digital evidence for any criminal activity, In the past two decades, the role of this digital evidence in investigations related to international crimes within the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court has become prominent.

Therefore, the question is no longer about whether to accept digital evidence, but rather the legal framework that governs the admissibility of such evidence and its authentication. Despite the absence of specific legal rules for this type of evidence, this did not prevent the chambers of the court from dealing with and accepting them under the general rules applicable to evidence in general.

Given the importance of this evidence and the distinctive technical nature which distinguishes it from other evidence in its traditional sense, this study addressed the digital evidence from a historical perspective since their inception before the international criminal courts, as well as their definition, and the most prominent types of digital evidence that were used before the international criminal courts. Then, it addresses the admissibility of digital evidence in terms of the requirements for its acceptance before the International Criminal Court (ICC), as well as the cases of its exclusion, and it focuses on the direction of the ICC’s chambers in determining the indicators of authenticity or validity of this evidence.

Functional Equivalence in Translating newly developed Technological Legal Concepts

2025-02-05T05:33:27-06:00

The legal translator's task is not limited to finding the linguistic equivalent of the transferred term; rather, it extends to include the adaptation of equivalents and explanations to reflect the societal and environmental aspects of the term in the legal system from which it is transferred and from which it is transferred alike. Otherwise, the conceptual conception of the translated term will be distorted, which will lead to terminological pluralism and semantic deficiency. In addition, the reality of practical and scientific practice, the globalization of technological development, and digital transformation in various aspects of life have created interstitial fields in which law is often a cornerstone, or (at least) a regulator of it. Which made legal thinking faces a flood of terms with new concepts and new connotations that required familiarity with the system of concepts and knowledge in the scientific fields from which they came. Here lies the problem of translating the new legal concepts by searching for the most appropriate functional equivalent in indicating the legal meaning and conceptual characteristics of the new term.

The Impact of the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Military Operations in Light of the Rules of International Humanitarian Law.

2025-02-05T05:32:58-06:00

Modern warfare has significantly advanced with the introduction of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into operations. Through enhancing decision-making procedures, streamlining logistics, and enabling the use of autonomous weaponry, AI technologies improve military capabilities. But using AI to military applications presents difficult moral and legal issues, especially when it comes to adhering to international humanitarian law (IHL). IHL sets regulations that guard civilians and control hostilities in order to reduce suffering caused to civilians during armed conflicts. The compatibility of AI technology with core IHL principles such as distinction, proportionality, military necessity, and humanity is examined in this article. There is still significant worry about AI systems' capacity to reliably discriminate between military targets and people, raising the possibility of unintentional harm to civilians. Furthermore, responsibility for autonomous systems'actions and decisions presents legal dilemmas regarding responsibility and liability in cases of IHL violations. This study evaluates the potential of AI to comply with IHL requirements and suggests strategies for mitigating associated risks. It emphasizes the importance of developing robust legal frameworks and international cooperation to ensure that AI applications in military operations adhere to humanitarian standards, thereby balancing technological innovation with the imperatives of human rights and ethical warfare.

Critical Examination of Public Officials' Authority to Block or Delete User Comments on social media: Reassessing the First Amendment Implications in Light of Emerging Digital Technologies and the Recent U.S. Supreme Court Ruling LINDKE v. FREEDA"

2025-01-28T01:38:05-06:00

تنص الدساتير على مبدأ حماية الحق في التعبير، وصيانة حرية الخطاب، وتمكين المواطنين من التعبير عن قناعاتهم دون المساس بحرياتهم وحقوقهم الشخصية والاجتماعية والسياسية، كحقوق دستورية أصيلة. غير أن تطبيقات هذا المبدأ في ظل عوالم التكنولوجيا المتجددة يصبح مع الوقت أكثر تعقيدًا، ويطرح على الطاولة الدستورية أسئلة وإشكاليات قانونية مركبة، تتطلب اشتباكًا دستوريًا يوازن بين الحقوق الدستورية التي قد تتنازع، ويتعارض ظاهرها، في ضوء واقعة واحدة، مما يتطلب إزالة هذا التنازع الظاهري، أو ترجيح اعتبار حق دستوري محدد على حق دستوري آخر، لرجحان اتصال هذا الحق بسؤال الواقعة محل الإشكال القانوني. وبقدر ما تتطور التطبيقات التكنولوجيا المعاصرة، وتتطور ديناميكات التفاعل داخلها، بقدر ما تخلق تحدياتٍ ناشئةً للنصوص القانونية تتطلب نظرًا وتدقيقا.

Information Technology in Armed Conflicts Conference

2025-01-28T02:12:49-06:00

في ظل مشهد عالمي سريع التطور، أصبح تلاقي قانون تكنولوجيا المعلومات والقانون الدولي (IHL) بؤرة تركيزٍ مهمة، إذ أدى ظهور التقنيات الرقمية إلى تغيير عميق في طبيعة الحروب، مما قدم فرصًا وتحديات لتطبيق وإنفاذ الأطر القانونية المصممة لحماية حقوق الإنسان والحفاظ على المعايير الدولية خلال النزاعات المسلحة. هذا التحول إنما يدور في ظل أحداث عالمية متزايدة التعقيد والسخونة، حيث تكافح الأنظمة القانونية التقليدية لمواكبة التقدم السريع في التكنولوجيا.

لقد أحدث دمج تكنولوجيا المعلومات في العمليات العسكرية مجموعة من القدرات الجديدة، مثل الحرب السيبرانية، وأنظمة الأسلحة الذاتية، وتقنيات المراقبة المتقدمة. تتمتع هذه التقنيات بقدرة على تحسين دقة وفعالية الأعمال العسكرية، مما يقلل من الأضرار الجانبية ويحسن الامتثال للقانون الإنساني الدولي. لكنها في الوقت ذاته تثير إشكاليات قانونية وأخلاقية غير معهودة. على سبيل المثال، يمكن أن تؤدي الهجمات السيبرانية إلى تعطيل البنية التحتية الحيوية، مما يتسبب في إصابات مدنية وفوضى واسعة النطاق. كما يكشف استخدام وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي كمنصة لتداول المعلومات والرأي حول الحرب عن مناطق غير مستكشفة بشأن نظام المسؤولية الخاص بالقانون الإنساني الدولي.