Journal of Law and Emerging Technologies

تطبيقات الذكاء الاصطناعى فى مهنة المحاماه

2026-01-15T10:44:38-06:00

Summary of the research topic

1. It cannot be said that the legal personality that European legislators recommend granting to robots is the same as the legal personality granted to legal entities, but rather a special electronic form of personality that differs in terms of legal regulation from what is determined by the general rules for companies, institutions, and legal entities in general. as these traditional entities cannot be managed without human intervention, which differs from dealing with robots or artificial intelligence systems, which have the ability to manage their actions independently and without human intervention in their management or regulation.

2. Recognizing the legal personality of artificial intelligence systems prevents the liability of natural and legal persons, especially the liability of the producer and user of artificial intelligence systems, who are persons with financial liability that allows them to compensate the injured party for the damage they have suffered, unlike artificial intelligence systems, for which recognition of liability is a form of additional harm to the injured party, as these systems lack independent financial liability through which to compensate the injured party.

دراسة نقدية للائحة التنفيذية لقانون حماية البيانات الشخصية المصري: مشروعية التنظيم وكفاءته الوظيفية

2026-04-14T20:02:04-05:00

This study provides a critical and analytical examination of the Executive Regulations of the Egyptian Personal Data Protection Law (Law No. 151 of 2020), promulgated by the Minister of Communications and Information Technology Decree No. 816 of 2025. The analysis spans several axes: initially exploring the implications of the temporal gap between the enactment of the Law and the issuance of its Regulations, along with the Law’s impact on the latter; proceeding to evaluate the consistency and adequacy between the Law and the Regulations, as well as the internal consistency of the Regulations themselves; and concluding with an assessment of their economic and technological impacts.
Methodologically, the study adopts a critical analytical approach to evaluate the legality and coherence of the Regulations, specifically scrutinizing their adherence to the boundaries of legislative delegation. The analysis reveals a methodological defect and a fundamental inconsistency between the Regulations and the Law. This stems from the Regulations’ reliance on a structural framework confined to the direct cross-references explicitly stated in the Law, while disregarding substantive interconnections. Furthermore, the Regulations unlawfully expand the powers of the Center beyond the permissible scope of legislative jurisdiction and delegated authority. In certain sections, the study also employs a comparative methodology to assess legislative harmonization with the legal, technical, and economic frameworks governing the global data economy, ultimately highlighting the distinct divergence of the Egyptian approach from the comparative models.
Furthermore, the research discusses the economic and technological implications of the Regulations, highlighting the challenges imposed by the overarching regime of licenses, fees, and penalties. It critiques the monolithic technical and operational architecture underlying the Regulations, demonstrating its friction with the fundamental dynamics of modern technologies and agile business models.

Civil Liability for the Robot Lawyer

2026-03-24T04:44:32-05:00

This research addresses the study of civil liability arising from the use of robot lawyers in providing legal services, through analyzing the nature of this liability whether it is contractual or tortious, and evaluating the adequacy of traditional legal frameworks in regulating it, The research employed analytical and comparative methodologies to dismantle relevant legal concepts and review legislative experiences in several countries, It concluded that the absence of precise legal regulation constitutes an obstacle to holding intelligent systems accountable, and increases the difficulty of proving fault and causal relationships. It recommended the necessity of enacting specialized legislation regulating the use of robot lawyers, and imposing clear obligations on developers and providers of these systems, which enhances the protection of legal rights and achieves a balance between technological advancement and the requirements of legal security.

الضوابط القانونية لاستعمال بعض تقنيات الذكاء الاصطناعي في إنفاذ القانون

2026-04-14T20:02:28-05:00

This research dealt with the use of facial recognition and profiling technologies to automate decisions with artificial intelligence in law enforcement, and showed the benefits of using these two technologies in this field and their acceleration of final results and fighting crime, which is why their use has increased around the world, especially facial recognition technology linked to smart homes and systems to secure property and private homes, and this research also showed the risks and legality issues of using these technologies in law enforcement in all stages of training and operating these models, as it showed that each of these stages presents its own issues and needs its own rules to ensure its legality. He recommended the need to preserve the rules of procedural legality, especially with regard to individual rights during the use of these technologies in law enforcement, limiting their use to intermediate work without final decisions, reviewing and continuously monitoring their use, and developing the legislative structure, rules, codes, and law enforcement guidelines in line with the risks of these technologies.

دور تقنيات الذكاء الاصطناعي فــي مرحلة اجراءات التحكيم الدولي

2026-04-14T20:02:13-05:00

Recent decades have witnessed rapid technological advancements on the international stage, contributing to the use of artificial intelligence (AI) as an innovative, tactical, and highly precise tool. This research aims to study the role of AI in this international direction from a legal perspective, analyzing the logical framework, the actual technological impact on judicial guarantees, and future challenges. It also proposes a strategic plan and strategy for enhancing the judiciary within this evolving context. The research seeks to establish international guidelines for a set of rules and mechanisms governing the administration of national judicial boundaries. These guidelines are characterized by their inherent features of secrecy, confidentiality, and privacy, yet they remain hidden. This approach does not conflict with AI; rather, it can be directly integrated with it in administration, provided that general legal principles, such as justice, the right to a defense, the right to competition, and the protection of litigants' rights, are upheld.

The research also demonstrates that AI in procedural matters includes intelligent evidence analysis, session management, document exchange, and legal translation. The application of these restrictions is based on guided procedures, diverse national laws, and specific international practical applications, with limitations on use including the human arbitrator's discretion regarding technical accuracy, data security, and confidentiality, except where otherwise specified.

Artificial intelligence plays a pivotal role in intelligent guided adversarial proceedings by managing sessions and schedules, exchanging documents and memoranda electronically, and improving translation organization, including creating multilingual communication without causing significant disruption. Furthermore, intelligent evidence analysis and big data (e-discovery) have enabled accurate assessment of the probative value of documents, resulting in procedural optimization and cost reduction. However, the final decision regarding the assessment and analysis rests with the human arbitrator and the integrity of the measures taken to adjudicate.

Exploring the Impact of Modern Technology on the Transformations of Customary Norms in International Humanitarian Law

2026-04-14T20:02:21-05:00

This study analyzes how emerging technologies—i.e., autonomous weapons, drones, and cyber warfare—are transforming the development and application of customary norms in international humanitarian law (IHL). Long premised on uniform state practice and legal duty, the norms are increasingly challenged by digital and automated warfare. The study adopts a descriptive-analytical method to examine the legal and ethical dimensions of the integration of advanced technologies in armed conflict. It looks at whether current practice is generating new customary rules and how these developments affect the most significant IHL principles of distinction, proportionality, and accountability. The research, drawing on case studies, recent jurisprudence, and legal scholarship, hopes to contribute to our understanding of how international legal systems can evolve to uphold humanitarian protections in the age of technological change. The paper concludes with suggestions for legal reform as well as prospective interdisciplinary research.