الدستور المصري وحقوق المتحولين جنسيًا: التفسير القضائي لمبادئ الشريعة الإسلامية
Corresponding Author(s) : د. أحمد علي ضبش
مجلة القانون والتكنولوجيا ,
مجلد 3 عدد 1 (2023)
الملخص
فيما يسمى باضطراب الهوية الجنسية، يظل المريض (أو المريضة) حبيس معالم جسده المخالف لشعوره الداخلي بهويته الجنسية، وقد أجازت بعضُ الفتاوى جراحاتِ تصحيح الجنس بضوابط وشروط وتحت رعاية طبية وموافقات رسمية، ووضعت نقابة الأطباء بمصر بروتوكولا معينا لهذه الجراحات المتقدمة، لكن المريض بعد إجراء الجراحة يحتاج إلى تغييرات في الأوراق الرسمية كتغيير الاسم والنوع، وأحيانا ترفض الجهة التنفيذية إجراء هذا التغيير، مما يضطر المتحول جنسيا (أو المتحولة) إلى اللجوء للقضاء. يبين هذا البحث الإجراءات الطبية والقانونية لهذه العمليات الجراحية في مصر، ثم يبين أنه في ظل الوضع القانوني الحالي، وتفسير المحكمة الدستورية العليا لمبادئ الشريعة الإسلامية بأنها الأحكام قطعية الثبوت والدلالة ووجود فتاوى تبيح هذه الجراحات، لا يمكن الاحتجاج بالفقه الإسلامي لتبرير منع تعديل الأوراق الرسمية لهؤلاء المتحولين جنسيا بالإضافة إلى أن ذلك قد يؤدي بهم إلى ما يتنافى مع مبادئ الشريعة كالكرامة الإنسانية وحفظ النفس والعرض.
الكلمات المفتاحية
تنزيل الاقتباسات
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)BibTeX
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- Clark Lombardi, State Law as Islamic Law in Modern Egypt (1st edn, Brill 2006) 256 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789047404729_004
- David Risley, 'SCC on Article 2 (Islamic Law)' (Egypt Justice, 10 June 2015) <https://egyptjustice.com/analysis/2015/6/10/scc-jurisprudence-on-article-2-islamic-law.>
- Ehab Barakat, 'Sex Reassignment Committee is back: We Have a Deal with the Grand Mufti ' (Almasry Alyoum, 28 August 2017)
- Elaine M F Costa and Berenice B Mendonca, 'Clinical management of transsexual subjects' [2014] 2(58) Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/0004-2730000003091
- Genny Beenyn, 'Transgender Terminology' (University of Massachusetts, 2020)
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- Jakob Skovgaard-Petersen, 'Sex Change in Cairo: Gender and Islamic Law' [1995] 2(3) JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE <https://quod.lib.umich.edu/j/jii/4750978.0002.302?view=text;rgn=main> accessed 7 February 2023; and Serena Tolino, 'Transgenderism, Transsexuality and Sex Reassignment Surgery in Contemporary Sunni Fatwas' [2017] 2(17) JOURNAL OF ARABIC AND ISLAMIC STUDIES https://doi.org/10.5617/jais.6116>
- Library of Congress ‘Guide to Law Online: Egypt’ (Library of Congress) <https://www.loc.gov/law/help/legal-research-guide/egypt.php#court.>
- Millicent Odunze, 'Preparation and Procedures Involved in Gender Affirmation Surgeries' (VeryWellHealth , 08 October 2021)
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- Muhammed Napoleon , 'Reasons for refusing to oblige the Ministry of Interior to change the data of a transgender person' (Al-Shorouk, 25 January 2016)
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- R Oliver and M Davies, Man into Woman: A History of Male-to-Female (MtF) Sex Reassignment Surgery (2018 edn, EUROPEAN UROLOGY SUPPLEMENTS 2018) DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1569-9056(18)31026-1
- Russell B. Toomey, Amy K. Syvertsen, and Maura Shramko, ‘Transgender Adolescent Suicide Behavior’ [2018] 142(4) PEDIATRICS < https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2017-4218> DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2017-4218
- Salma Islam, 'Transsexual and Egyptian: Defying the Odds' (Middle East Eye, 28 April 2016) <https://www.middleeasteye.net/in-depth/features/transsexual-and-egyptian-defying-odds-648626093>
- Sayed Sikandar Shah Haneef, 'Sex Reassignment in Islamic Law: The Dilemma of Transsexuals' [2011] 1(1) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BUSINESS, HUMANITIES AND TECHNOLOGY <http://www.ijbhtnet.com/journals/Vol._1_No.1_July_2011/10.pdf>
- Serena Tolino, 'Transgenderism, Transsexuality and Sex Reassignment Surgery in Contemporary Sunni Fatwas' [2017] 2(17) JOURNAL OF ARABIC AND ISLAMIC STUDIES https://doi.org/10.5617/jais.6116> accessed 7 February 2023 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5617/jais.6116
- Shaikh Ali Gomaa, 'The Transformation of Sex to Cure the Sexual Identity Disorder' (Dr Ali Gomma, 7th November)
- http://dx.doi.org
- https://egyptjustice.com
- www.akhbarak.net
- www.ijbhtnet.com
- www.loc.gov
- www.middleeasteye.net
- www.nst.com.my
المراجع
Abdu Al-jouhainy, 'Reasons for rejecting the change of official data for a transgender person' (Veto, 25 January 2016)
Ahmed Abou-Zeid, ‘Egypt Legal System’ [2016] (STATIC 1) <https://static1.squarespace.com/static/554109b8e4b0269a2d77e01d/t/55745fefe4b07ff6e578906b/1433690095035/Egyptian+Legal+System--Ahmed+Abou-Zeid+2.pdf>
Ahmed Refat, 'Medical Research Ethics in the Egyptian Profession Ethics Regulations' (Slide Share, 30 November 2009)
Asifa Qurishi, ‘Interpreting the Qur'an and the Constitution: Similarities in the Use of Text, Tradition, and Reason in Islamic and American Jurisprudence’, [2006] 28(1036) CARDOZO LAW REVIEW
Clark B. Lombardi and Nathan J. Brown, 'Do Constitutions Requiring Adherence to Shari’a Threaten Human Rights? How Egypt’s Constitutional Court Reconciles Islamic Law with the Liberal Rule of Law' [2006] 3(21) AMERICAN UNIVERSITY INTERNATIONAL LAW REVIEW
Clark Lombardi, State Law as Islamic Law in Modern Egypt (1st edn, Brill 2006) 256 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789047404729_004
David Risley, 'SCC on Article 2 (Islamic Law)' (Egypt Justice, 10 June 2015) <https://egyptjustice.com/analysis/2015/6/10/scc-jurisprudence-on-article-2-islamic-law.>
Ehab Barakat, 'Sex Reassignment Committee is back: We Have a Deal with the Grand Mufti ' (Almasry Alyoum, 28 August 2017)
Elaine M F Costa and Berenice B Mendonca, 'Clinical management of transsexual subjects' [2014] 2(58) Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/0004-2730000003091
Genny Beenyn, 'Transgender Terminology' (University of Massachusetts, 2020)
Heba Showsha, 'The commissioners’ committee recommend the change of official data for a transgender person' (Akhbaraknet, 1 Septamber 2015) <http://www.akhbarak.net/news/2015/09/01/7147049/articles/19672357/المفوضين-توصي-بتعديل-نوع-واسم-متحول-جنسيا>
Inas a Mazen, 'Clinical Management of Gender in Egypt: Intersexuality and Transsexualism' [2017] 2(24) Arch Sex Behav <http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1007/s10508-016-0842-z. Epub 2016 Sep 20.> DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-016-0842-z
Jakob Skovgaard-Petersen 'Sex Change in Cairo: Gender and Islamic Law' [1995] 2(3) JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE <https://quod.lib.umich.edu/j/jii/4750978.0002.302?view=text;rgn=main>
Jakob Skovgaard-Petersen, 'Sex Change in Cairo: Gender and Islamic Law' [1995] 2(3) JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE <https://quod.lib.umich.edu/j/jii/4750978.0002.302?view=text;rgn=main> accessed 7 February 2023; and Serena Tolino, 'Transgenderism, Transsexuality and Sex Reassignment Surgery in Contemporary Sunni Fatwas' [2017] 2(17) JOURNAL OF ARABIC AND ISLAMIC STUDIES https://doi.org/10.5617/jais.6116>
Library of Congress ‘Guide to Law Online: Egypt’ (Library of Congress) <https://www.loc.gov/law/help/legal-research-guide/egypt.php#court.>
Millicent Odunze, 'Preparation and Procedures Involved in Gender Affirmation Surgeries' (VeryWellHealth , 08 October 2021)
Mohammad H Kamali, 'Human Dignity in Islam and Its Impact on Society' (New Straits Times, 25 October 2017) <https://www.nst.com.my/opinion/columnists/2017/10/294803/human-dignity-islam-and-its-impact-society> accessed 7 February 2023
Muhammed Napoleon , 'Reasons for refusing to oblige the Ministry of Interior to change the data of a transgender person' (Al-Shorouk, 25 January 2016)
Nathalie Bernard-Maugiron and Baudouin Dupret, Egypt and Its Laws (Brill 2002) 186, The law in Arabic is found at: https://static1.squarespace.com/static/554109b8e4b0269a2d77e01d/t/556f520fe4b0c8c1042043b6/1433358863323/Egypt+Judicial+Authotities+Law.pdf.
R Oliver and M Davies, Man into Woman: A History of Male-to-Female (MtF) Sex Reassignment Surgery (2018 edn, EUROPEAN UROLOGY SUPPLEMENTS 2018) DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1569-9056(18)31026-1
Russell B. Toomey, Amy K. Syvertsen, and Maura Shramko, ‘Transgender Adolescent Suicide Behavior’ [2018] 142(4) PEDIATRICS < https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2017-4218> DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2017-4218
Salma Islam, 'Transsexual and Egyptian: Defying the Odds' (Middle East Eye, 28 April 2016) <https://www.middleeasteye.net/in-depth/features/transsexual-and-egyptian-defying-odds-648626093>
Sayed Sikandar Shah Haneef, 'Sex Reassignment in Islamic Law: The Dilemma of Transsexuals' [2011] 1(1) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BUSINESS, HUMANITIES AND TECHNOLOGY <http://www.ijbhtnet.com/journals/Vol._1_No.1_July_2011/10.pdf>
Serena Tolino, 'Transgenderism, Transsexuality and Sex Reassignment Surgery in Contemporary Sunni Fatwas' [2017] 2(17) JOURNAL OF ARABIC AND ISLAMIC STUDIES https://doi.org/10.5617/jais.6116> accessed 7 February 2023 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5617/jais.6116
Shaikh Ali Gomaa, 'The Transformation of Sex to Cure the Sexual Identity Disorder' (Dr Ali Gomma, 7th November)
www.akhbarak.net
www.ijbhtnet.com
www.loc.gov
www.middleeasteye.net
www.nst.com.my