التحول الرقمي والعدالة الإجرائية في الوسائل البديلة لتسوية المنازعات: بين عبئ إقامة التوازن والخوف من استحالته
Corresponding Author(s) : عبد الرحمن مهدى
مجلة القانون والتكنولوجيا ,
مجلد 3 عدد 2 (2023)
الملخص
أحدثت جائحة كوفيد-19 الخوف من انعدام فعالية الإجراءات أمام المحاكم الوطنية التي ازدادت تأثرًا بالسلب خلال فترة الجائحة، ليس فقط بسبب إطالة أمد الإجراءات، وإنما بسبب تعليق جلسات المرافعة خلال الجائحة. فكان من المتوقع أن أطراف العقد سيتجهون لتسوية نزاعاتهم عن طريق الوسائل البديلة لتسوية المنازعات، التي تحوي عدد من المميزات المبلورة لفعالية أكثر من اللجوء لإجراءات التقاضي العادية. ويعد من أهم هذه المميزات مرونة الإجراءات التي تسمح لإتمامها عن بعد (إلكترونيًا).
رغم كثرة مراكز التحكيم التي دفعتها الجائحة لتعديل قواعدها لاحتواء التحول الرقمي، فإن فعالية هذا التحول الرقمي ما تزال قيد البحث. في الواقع، سرعة إجراءات وسيلة تسوية النزاع لتمامها عن بعد لا قيمة لها إن أصبح منتج هذه الإجراءات باطل أو غير نافذ لعدم احترام متطلبات العدالة الإجرائية.
الكثير من الدساتير والاتفاقيات الدولية جعلت من احترام العدالة الإجرائية شرطًا لصحة وتنفيذ أحكام التحكيم والمحاكم الوطنية. فعليًا، قد يكون تسوية النزاع عن بعد طريقة فعالة لإتمام إجراءات الوسائل البديلة لتسوية المنازعات، ومع ذلك فإنه من المنظور القانوني قد يعرقل ذلك التيقن من احترام متطلبات العدالة الإجرائية اللازمة لصحة أي ما كان ما تنتهي إليه إجراءات الوسائل البديلة لتسوية المنازعات. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، فإن بعض الوسائل البديلة لتسوية المنازعات قد تستلزم تواصل فعلي وشخصي، ليس لصحة اتمامها، ولكن، ابتداءً، من أجل إتمامها، مثل ذلك مجالس تسوية المنازعات.
ومن هنا تبدو أهمية الورقة البحثية التي تهدف – من خلال دراسة تحليلية – إلى النظر في إمكانية إدخال التحول الرقمي على إجراءات الوسائل البديلة لتسوية المنازعات، ومدى فعاليته، وكيف يمكن للعدالة الإجرائية تقييد هذا التحول.
الكلمات المفتاحية
تنزيل الاقتباسات
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)BibTeX
- Egyptian Law No. 27/1994 Promulgating the Law Concerning Arbitration in Civil and Commercial Matters
- Minister of Justice Decree No. 8 of 2022 establishing the Egyptian Arbitration Act Reform Committee
- Egyptian Civil Code
- French Civil Code
- French Civil and Commercial Procedural code
- Saudian arbitration law, Royal Decree No M/34, dated 24/5/1433 AH (corresponding to 16/4/2012 AD) concerning the approval of the Law of Arbitration
- English Arbitration Act [1996]
- UNICITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration [1985] (amended in 2006)
- United Nations Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards (New York Convention) [1958]
- Riyadh Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgements and Arbitral Awards [1983]
- European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms [1950]
- United Nation Convention on International Settlement Agreements Resulting from Mediation (Singapore Convention), 2018
- Arbitration Rules of London Centre of International Arbitration (LCIA) 2020
- Arbitration Rules of the International Chambre of Commerce of Paris (ICC) 2021
- Arbitration Rules of the Cairo Regional Centre for International Commercial Arbitration (CRCICA) 2011
- Arbitration Rules of Dubai International Arbitration Centre (DIAC) 2022, Article 26.1
- Administered Arbitration Rules of Hong Kong International Arbitration Centre (HKIAC) 2018, Article. 22.4
- Mediation Rules of the London Court of International Arbitration (LCIA)
- Rules of Mediation of Vienna International Arbitration Centre (VIAC) [2021]
- UNCITRAL Mediation Rules [2021]
- Mediation Rules of the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC)
- Mediation Rules of the Cairo Regional Centre for International Commercial Arbitration (CRCICA) [2013]
- Mediation Rules of the Hong Kong International Arbitration Centre (HKIAC) [1999]
- Swiss Rules of Mediation of the Swiss Arbitration Centre [2021]
- Dispute Board Rules of the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC)’s International Centre for ADR [2015] (with appendices in 2018)
- Dispute Board Rules of the Cairo Regional Centre for International Commercial Arbitration (CRCICA) [2021]
- Rules on the Efficient Conduct of Proceedings in International Arbitration (Prague Rules), 2018
- The Dispute Resolution Board Foundation, Dispute Board Manual: A Guide of Best Practices and Procedures, SPARK Publications [2019]
- Registry of the council of Europe, Guide on Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights: Right to a fair trial [2022]
- Kateryna Honcharenko – Mercy McBrayer, ‘Guidance Note on Remote Dispute Resolution’, [2020], the Chartered Instituted of Arbitrators.
- Gary B. Born, International Commercial Arbitration, (3rd edition, Kluwer Law International B.V., 2021)
- Dispute Board Rules of the Chartered Institute of Arbitrators [2014], Introduction drafted by Nicholas Gould and Christina Lockwood
- Roberto Hernández-Garda, ‘Why Dispute Boards Are An Excellent Dispute Resolution Tool During The COVID-19 Crisis’, American Bar Association, [2020]
- Teo Jim Yang, ‘THE SINGAPOREAN RESPONSE TO ABUSE OF DUE PROCESS IN INTERNATIONAL ARBITRATION China Machine New Energy Corp v Jaguar Energy Guatemala LLC’, [2021], Singapore Journal of Legal Studies
- Charles Jarosson, La notion d’arbitrage (LGDJ, 1987)
- Gilles Cuniberti, Rethinking International Commercial Arbitration: Towards Default Arbitration Relié (Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd, 2017) DOI: https://doi.org/10.4337/9781786432407
- José Luis Mandujano Rubín, ‘DUE PROCESS IN ARBITRATION’ [2022] Vol. 6, No.2, Journal of Positive Psychology & Wellbeing of Universidad Nacional Hermilio Valdizán - Huánuco – Perú, 2022
- McCorkle, Suzanne., Reese, Melanie J., Mediation Theory and Practice, (US: SAGE Publications, 2018) DOI: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781071800720
- Samuele Bolotta – and Guillaume Dumas, Social Neuro AI: Social Interaction as the “Dark Matter” of AI, [2021]
- Pratyush Panjwani, The Impact of Covid on International Disputes, Chap. 2: The Impact of the covid-19 Pandemic on International Arbitration Practices: Greener Arbitrations with Reduced Due Process Paranoia?, Koninklijke Brill NV, [2022]
- Arif H. Ali – Philip Dunham – Christophe Garcia – Michelle Bradfield – Erica Franzetti – Mark Mangan, ‘Dispute Boards: Another Potential Means of Resolving COVID-19 Disputes’, Lexology, [2020]
- Browne Jacobson, The future of mediation; https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=0d30d29e-e505-426e-80a1-447c72df7065
- Remy Gerbay, ‘Due Process Paranoia’, [2016], Kluwer Arbitration Blog.
- https://arbitrationblog.kluwerarbitration.com/2016/06/06/due-process-paranoia/
- https://plaintiffmagazine.com/recent-issues/item/the-digital-future-of-arbitration
- https://www.tamimi.com/law-update-articles/artificial-intelligence-and-international-arbitration-going-beyond-e-mail/
- Dr. Ismail Selim, Presentation of the evolving role of the Cairo Regional Centre for International Commercial Arbitration [CRCICA] in VDMA e.V., on 24 May 2023
- Lecture on Mediation delivered Dr. Sherif Elnegahy during the visit of the British University in Egypt by London South Bank University’s delegation on 6 May 2023
- Arbitral award issued in the case No. 300549-2021 – Swiss Arbitration Centre
- Arbitral award issued in the case No. 1317/2019 – Cairo Regional Centre for International Commercial Arbitration (CRCICA)
المراجع
Egyptian Law No. 27/1994 Promulgating the Law Concerning Arbitration in Civil and Commercial Matters
Minister of Justice Decree No. 8 of 2022 establishing the Egyptian Arbitration Act Reform Committee
Egyptian Civil Code
French Civil Code
French Civil and Commercial Procedural code
Saudian arbitration law, Royal Decree No M/34, dated 24/5/1433 AH (corresponding to 16/4/2012 AD) concerning the approval of the Law of Arbitration
English Arbitration Act [1996]
UNICITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration [1985] (amended in 2006)
United Nations Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards (New York Convention) [1958]
Riyadh Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgements and Arbitral Awards [1983]
European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms [1950]
United Nation Convention on International Settlement Agreements Resulting from Mediation (Singapore Convention), 2018
Arbitration Rules of London Centre of International Arbitration (LCIA) 2020
Arbitration Rules of the International Chambre of Commerce of Paris (ICC) 2021
Arbitration Rules of the Cairo Regional Centre for International Commercial Arbitration (CRCICA) 2011
Arbitration Rules of Dubai International Arbitration Centre (DIAC) 2022, Article 26.1
Administered Arbitration Rules of Hong Kong International Arbitration Centre (HKIAC) 2018, Article. 22.4
Mediation Rules of the London Court of International Arbitration (LCIA)
Rules of Mediation of Vienna International Arbitration Centre (VIAC) [2021]
UNCITRAL Mediation Rules [2021]
Mediation Rules of the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC)
Mediation Rules of the Cairo Regional Centre for International Commercial Arbitration (CRCICA) [2013]
Mediation Rules of the Hong Kong International Arbitration Centre (HKIAC) [1999]
Swiss Rules of Mediation of the Swiss Arbitration Centre [2021]
Dispute Board Rules of the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC)’s International Centre for ADR [2015] (with appendices in 2018)
Dispute Board Rules of the Cairo Regional Centre for International Commercial Arbitration (CRCICA) [2021]
Rules on the Efficient Conduct of Proceedings in International Arbitration (Prague Rules), 2018
The Dispute Resolution Board Foundation, Dispute Board Manual: A Guide of Best Practices and Procedures, SPARK Publications [2019]
Registry of the council of Europe, Guide on Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights: Right to a fair trial [2022]
Kateryna Honcharenko – Mercy McBrayer, ‘Guidance Note on Remote Dispute Resolution’, [2020], the Chartered Instituted of Arbitrators.
Gary B. Born, International Commercial Arbitration, (3rd edition, Kluwer Law International B.V., 2021)
Dispute Board Rules of the Chartered Institute of Arbitrators [2014], Introduction drafted by Nicholas Gould and Christina Lockwood
Roberto Hernández-Garda, ‘Why Dispute Boards Are An Excellent Dispute Resolution Tool During The COVID-19 Crisis’, American Bar Association, [2020]
Teo Jim Yang, ‘THE SINGAPOREAN RESPONSE TO ABUSE OF DUE PROCESS IN INTERNATIONAL ARBITRATION China Machine New Energy Corp v Jaguar Energy Guatemala LLC’, [2021], Singapore Journal of Legal Studies
Charles Jarosson, La notion d’arbitrage (LGDJ, 1987)
Gilles Cuniberti, Rethinking International Commercial Arbitration: Towards Default Arbitration Relié (Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd, 2017) DOI: https://doi.org/10.4337/9781786432407
José Luis Mandujano Rubín, ‘DUE PROCESS IN ARBITRATION’ [2022] Vol. 6, No.2, Journal of Positive Psychology & Wellbeing of Universidad Nacional Hermilio Valdizán - Huánuco – Perú, 2022
McCorkle, Suzanne., Reese, Melanie J., Mediation Theory and Practice, (US: SAGE Publications, 2018) DOI: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781071800720
Samuele Bolotta – and Guillaume Dumas, Social Neuro AI: Social Interaction as the “Dark Matter” of AI, [2021]
Pratyush Panjwani, The Impact of Covid on International Disputes, Chap. 2: The Impact of the covid-19 Pandemic on International Arbitration Practices: Greener Arbitrations with Reduced Due Process Paranoia?, Koninklijke Brill NV, [2022]
Arif H. Ali – Philip Dunham – Christophe Garcia – Michelle Bradfield – Erica Franzetti – Mark Mangan, ‘Dispute Boards: Another Potential Means of Resolving COVID-19 Disputes’, Lexology, [2020]
Browne Jacobson, The future of mediation; https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=0d30d29e-e505-426e-80a1-447c72df7065
Remy Gerbay, ‘Due Process Paranoia’, [2016], Kluwer Arbitration Blog.
https://arbitrationblog.kluwerarbitration.com/2016/06/06/due-process-paranoia/
https://plaintiffmagazine.com/recent-issues/item/the-digital-future-of-arbitration
Dr. Ismail Selim, Presentation of the evolving role of the Cairo Regional Centre for International Commercial Arbitration [CRCICA] in VDMA e.V., on 24 May 2023
Lecture on Mediation delivered Dr. Sherif Elnegahy during the visit of the British University in Egypt by London South Bank University’s delegation on 6 May 2023
Arbitral award issued in the case No. 300549-2021 – Swiss Arbitration Centre
Arbitral award issued in the case No. 1317/2019 – Cairo Regional Centre for International Commercial Arbitration (CRCICA)